Release Notes of Invantive^® Bridge Online 24.1.31-BETA

Version 24.1.31-BETA, released 2024-11-20.

Enhancements:
- Add Afas SB.
- Add Brevo.
- Add Bridgeonlien icons.
- Add code for resizing SQL editor.
- Add Company.info API Data Hub icons.
- Add CSS for Calendly.
- Add CSS for status indicator.
- Add CSS for tabs & hints BOL & general tabs dark mode [ER}.
- Add discount icon.
- Add 'edit database' icon.
- Add Github logo's.
- Add Horeko logo.
- Add icons for Fortnox, Localazy, Calendly, Postman & Crisp.
- Add icons.
- Add ionbiz.
- Add missing icons.
- Add MKG.
- Add new Available Objects icons.
- Add new status logic.
- Add orange to 429 BOL.
- Add PowerShell, PowerAutomate & VisualStudio logo's.
- Add request ID to all Invantive web products on core.
- Add Session icons.
- Add SIE.
- Add Smoothness images.
- Add spacing for kind request.
- Add SystemLocks table.
- Add timeline icon.
- Add various logo's.
- Add warning color for runout on dashboard and fix runout paragraph in new DB screen.
- Center page design Privacy & Service.
- Change from x active/waiting server-wide requests to x active server-wide requests.
- Decrease line-height dashboard.
- Design Visma attention CSS.
- Desupport net6.
- Extend error_itgenboe054 by exception code of cause.
- Fix alignment error message.
- Fix button height when no translation is available.
- Fix contrast 402.
- Fix CSS and add SVG.
- Fix CSS for monitoring.
- Fix filtering on endswith.
- Fix forum tips error modal.
- Fix Gitlab logo homepage.
- Fix height Calendly.
- Fix icons.
- Fix images connector setup.
- Fix layout when only one button.
- Fix Localazy icon.
- Fix overflow natural key in error prompt.
- Fix privacy h3 & faulty border color.
- Fix QR screen.
- Fix setup page aside.
- Fix signup error.
- Fix sign-up view.
- Fix Support question moving by language change.
- Fix teamviewer & anydesk icons.
- Fix tooltip.
- Improve logging of errors on boot.
- Improve named lock and semaphore lock names.
- Include cache ID in session I/Os.
- Make UniversalSQL editor resizable.
- New CSS hints BOL.
- Publish Cognito user ID in /me.
- Redesign Book Introduction.
- Remove filter from QR.
- Report progress regularly even when the API is returning rows slowly.
- Resize SQL editor.
- Return clearer error code instead of itgenboe070 / itgenboe161.
- Show error hints on BOL monitoring.
- Show natural key, kind reqiest and partition when available.
- Undo SQL editor resizable changes.
- Update design.
- Update sprite and add CSS for documentation design.

Bug fixes:
- Fix baseline flex alignment Safari.
- Fix 'Copied Clipboard' vertical centering.
- Fix itgenahr205.
- Fix itgenclr047.
- Fix itgencmr037 on canceled request.
- Fix labels deviating URl & Read & Agree.
- Fix reauthenticating not resetting needs repair.
- Fix status 429 & status null font color.
- Fix Swagger definition error.
- Improve audit events on failed log on attempts.
- Improve generation of SQL statement from OData4 endpoint.
- Improve monitoring compression details.
- Show effective party name instead of real party name when using delegation.

Version 23.1.242-BETA, released 2022-01-20.

Enhancements:
- Add abort rquest icon.
- Add arrow for monitoring rows.
- Add arrow to home item.
- Add audit event for invalid location.
- Add background color to status 402 BOL.
- Add Basecone icons.
- Add BOL response cache max age.
- Add bouw7, fiscaal gemak, ndjson & fix gripp & sumatra.
- Add button to open database in Cloud from BOL monitoring.
- Add buttons to OData4, Swagger V2 and OpenAPI V3 to databases page.
- Add cache-only mode.
- Add CBS, HubSpot, PipeDrive & Tweede Kamer.
- Add check on cookie keys folder.
- Add check on require omit null values, require referer header and BYOA.
- Add checks on configuration.
- Add class name to columns.
- Add class to Exception column.
- Add collapse menu, change logo, merge CSS.
- Add contains, substringof, startswith, endswith support on OData.
- Add copy of values to Cloud data containers.
- Add CSS for 'Copied to clipboard'.
- Add CSS for new provider icons.
- Add CSS for newProviderImage.
- Add CSS for overflowing tooltips % fix monitoring card tableheader alignment.
- Add CSS for ribbon.
- Add CSS for RTL.
- Add CSS for RunOut page.
- Add CSS for small provider images.
- Add CSS Tixly [CSS]
- Add Dark Mode fixes.
- Add Dark mode for App Menu.
- Add Dark Mode.
- Add databases to home view.
- Add db icons.
- Add errors to monitoring card.
- Add Exact Online Premium.
- Add exception message code to details.
- Add external-link icon when anchor has target.
- Add failed authentication attempts to monitoring.
- Add generated SQL statement to monitoring.
- Add Gripp icons.
- Add icon for errors in monitoring.
- Add IP address V6 handling.
- Add last gathering provider images CSS.
- Add last log on attempt date, error code and message on databases.
- Add message code column in monitoring.
- Add message code to monitoring.
- Add min width to string columns.
- Add Mollie.
- Add monitoring for regular users, updated UI.
- Add more extensive retry on Data Guard and Open ID connections.
- Add new provider icons CSS.
- Add newProvider CSS.
- Add parameters to cloud_metadata.execute_module_* functions.
- Add provider icons
- Add public query parameters to session I/O in data dictionary.
- Add rate limiting to Cloud.
- Add referer to the monitoring details.
- Add refresh data icon.
- Add refresh icon.
- Add retry on Data Guard on timeout.
- Add row counts to session I/Os.
- Add RT & BR icons & CSS.
- Add RTL CSS.
- Add RTL styling.
- Add runOut & gathering icons provider pages.
- Add selection dropdown on session I/Os and monthly session I/Os.
- Add Sendinblue.
- Add shorter home screen title.
- Add SIB.
- Add site.js to check if it solves length isseus for very long paths.
- Add SQL Grammar icon.
- Add statistics on Reset Cache on Bridge Online.
- Add structured error logging for missing metadata.
- Add styling for LowestPricingQuote.
- Add Sumatra icons.
- Add support page CSS.
- Add Swagger UI.
- Add Tableau connector icon.
- Add Tableau.
- Add Teamleader Orbit & Jortt.
- Add throttle statistics to monitoring list.
- Add tips.
- Add title attribute to Path cells.
- Add transaction icon.
- Add version number in menu.
- Added caching properties to session I/Os.
- Additional check that the user is using an Invantive Cloud-suitable log on code.
- Additional data on monitoring.
- Align version right in settings menu.
- Allow aborting requests in Monitoring.
- Allow canceling execution of queries.
- Allow changing user language.
- Allow executing modules from within another module.
- Allow logging in using Cloud username and password on Bridge Online.
- Alternative error code on Power BI timeout.
- Application Add application startup SQL.
- Async improvements on session state.
- Automatically recalculate EDM-cache contents on SQL-engine upgrade.
- Automatically rewrite Cloud user names to lower-case and remove spaces, as on Invantive Cloud itself.
- Better contrast new 
 tags in dark mode.
- Better represent main items as clickable.
- Bottom text on landing more compact.
- Break-word for column form layout Bridge Online.
- Cache EDM model.
- Cancellation on pending requests.
- Change alignment labels on forms to flex-start.
- Change order of buttons on mobile.
- Change Trial/logon buttons color scheme.
- Check for sibCoversations as well.
- Check that a database has at least one data container.
- Clean up CSS further & fix dark mode / light mode landing page.
- Clear response cache and EDM cache on reset user cache.
- Clearer OAuth errors.
- Company name in header.
- Configurable "Expiration time of inactive session (sec).".
- Copy CSS changes from Cloud.
- CSS for landing PBI Connectors.
- Dark mode contrast 'cancel execution'.
- Dark mode select for filters monitoring.
- Differentiate internal error DDC4AB to multiple codes.
- Differentiate itgenboe161 / itgenboe240 / itgenboe241 and itgenboe242.
- Differentiate itgenboe161.
- Differentiate OLAP/OLTP queries and optimize caching.
- Differentiate system and security errors.
- Display billing ID, table and parameter values per request.
- Display Bridge Online delays in monitoring due to authentication failures.
- Display itgenboe147/itgenboe161 on user cancellation.
- Do not disable robots on Invantive App Online apps.
- Enable cancel on EDM models.
- Enable setting of start and end date on request filtering.
- Enable sorting on checkboxes in grids.
- Extend "Cache Reset" on Bridge Online.
- Extend CloudWatch logging.
- Extend logging by Thread ID and Task ID.
- Failover on jQuery.
- Fix Accountview logo.
- Fix alignment DB form Firefox.
- Fix alignment 'Search' for monitoring row popup and expand height for table to use full height of popup.
- Fix all aside's Cloud.
- Fix anchor underline in connectorlist h3.
- Fix app application documentation color.
- Fix application documentation span Dark Mode.
- Fix Arabic postal Code.
- Fix aside for provider pages.
- Fix background light mode.
- Fix background menu in dark mode.
- Fix background size bulb image hintswrapper.
- Fix banner on resizing window.
- Fix breaking required label.
- Fix CLS Cloud Power BI setup page.
- Fix color 3xx BOL.
- Fix color light mode Copied URL.
- Fix color logon screen dark mode.
- Fix color Related Videos header in Dark Mode.
- Fix contrast 304.
- Fix contrast back button Dark Mode.
- Fix contrast documentation icon product compare.
- Fix contrast logo in footer Dark Mode.
- Fix contrast product compare.
- Fix 'Copied link'.
- Fix country select Cloud new DB.
- Fix cs language.
- Fix CSS + Odoo icon.
- Fix CSS for ION & Minox.
- Fix dark mode / light mode landing page.
- Fix Disclosure policy Light mode & padding.
- Fix documentcloud icon landing sprite.
- Fix error spacing.
- Fix first icon on run out page.
- Fix font-size Community Forums button.
- Fix gathering form.
- Fix hints wrapper margin.
- Fix hintswrapper color.
- Fix hintswrapper margin.
- Fix hintwrapper width.
- Fix hover and active background home button
- Fix icons Fiscaal Gemak & Gripp.
- Fix input Accountname input.
- Fix input new DB https input.
- Fix IUID bottom error.
- Fix layout delegations menu & layout list footer details.
- Fix layout Responsible Disclosure page.
- Fix layout.
- Fix length login screen Cloud.
- Fix 'Machine Translated' connector setup page.
- Fix machine translated.
- Fix margin 
.
- Fix menu bar.
- Fix menu color dark mode.
- Fix menu color mobile dark mode.
- Fix menu dark mode.
- Fix messagebannertext/code.
- Fix min-height.
- Fix modal on mobile (more width/height).
- Fix monitoring CSS.
- Fix new providers layout mobile * menu top mobile.
- Fix overlap 'more..' monitoring card.
- Fix overlay searching system messages Cloud.
- Fix padding checklist Cloud Provider Landing.
- Fix padding Usage Details card.
- Fix pagination Bridge Online monitoring.
- Fix partition selector in dark mode.
- Fix path fonts.
- Fix phone number RTL.
- Fix plain text content contrast DarkMode.
- Fix platforms.
- Fix policy url.
- Fix Price Guarantee mobile.
- Fix pricing button mobile.
- Fix related pages light mode.
- Fix Related Video's landing page.
- Fix Related Videos on Mobile.
- Fix related video's on power bi connector setup page.
- Fix related videos.
- Fix scrolling issue (paging falling off).
- Fix spacing Cancel button.
- Fix spacing error message.
- Fix spacing 'version' settings menu.
- Fix SQL & path columns.
- Fix styling communityForums section Light Mode.
- Fix table anchors in connector list.
- Fix tooltips.
- Fix username/organization color and underline.
- Fix various Dark Mode.
- Fix various runOut & gathering CSS issues.
- Fix videos on landing page.
- Fix width error message SQL editor.
- Fix wrapping table name Monitoring.
- Fix wrong logo's.
- Fix z-index delegation menu/sql-editor Cloud.
- Forum tips CSS.
- Forward application name and version from App Online to logging.
- Further clean CSS.
- Give better error messages on BOL.
- Highlight home menu when selected.
- Hover menu button dark mode.
- Improve caching on static files.
- Improve copy link feedback.
- Improve data type resolution, including MaxLength, Precision and Scale attributes.
- Improve email on time out.
- Improve error messages on canceled requests.
- Improve internationalization on monitoring, add network compression calculation.
- Improve IP address determination behind CDN.
- Improve license usage statistics chart readability.
- Improve logic for consecutive failed logons.
- Improve message itgenahr104.
- Improve monitoring.
- Improve parallelization of requests.
- Improve partition count minimum.
- Improve performance by logging on multiple data containers at once.
- Improve performance of monitoring.
- Improve retry mechanism on API server.
- Improve RTL support.
- Improve Swagger on root.
- In Power BI use the most inner error as error to be displayed to ease self-service.
- Increase default OLTP max duration in seconds from 30 to 60.
- Increase precision of datetimes.
- Increase timeout for semaphores to allow long-running Teamleader queries up to 3 hrs.
- Invantive only class color.
- Lighter blue from cache table row.
- Log exceptions of App Online in Monitoring.
- Make arrows Available Objects clickable.
- Make CloudWatch log size configurable.
- Make database setup responsive in browser on smaller screens.
- Make fonts local.
- Make itgencode selectable in error SQL editor.
- Make pricingTrial more eyecatching, fix readMore button & add CSS for pricingFree, pricing4YrFree & pricingPublicData.
- Make requests ending with HTTP status code 499 orange in monitoring.
- Make row progress logging more detailed.
- make rows in table clickable if data-link attribute is not empty.
- Make sure column names better meet EDM requirements.
- Make tooltip overflow parent for new user form.
- Make Trial button more bright in Dark Mode.
- Make User-Agent optional.
- Merge style-dt & site.css.
- Monitoring for all users.
- Monitoring.
- Monitoring: add compressed/uncompressed response size.
- More horizontal margin external link icon.
- More persistently retry when the Data Guard is down for some time.
- More right margin improve container.
- More Swagger UI.
- New monitoring sub dialog.
- No dark mode filter for QR code image.
- No ellipsis on description in tables.
- OData: improve EDM for Tableau.
- Performance of Cloud apps.
- Prevent starvation of requests on BOL.
- Raise 429 error when usage exceeds fair use limits.
- Red error indicator on rows with an exception.
- Reduce error frequency on itgenboe161.
- Reduce GC.
- Reduce number of warning mails.
- Register mail when downloading of Bridge Online data failed.
- Register time spent waiting on throttles in monitoring.
- Remove character.
- Remove color-scheme CSS, goed wrong with Tawk.
- Remove duplicate CSS.
- Remove duplicate lines.
- Remove margin from loading bar.
- Replace CSS with Cloud CSS.
- Response compression on static files and better logging.
- Return HTTP status 499 for client closed request on Bridge Online.
- Rewrite consecutive ORs in an OData filter to an IN.
- Rewrite pmr003 / pmr004 in emails to boe147 / boe161.
- Right data for Exception title attribute.
- RunOut CSS make fitting.
- Separate cache key and cache file name.
- Separate EDM cache into separate folder.
- Set cache control on profile picture.
- Set interval to 60000.
- Show cache duration in monitoring.
- Show databases in Bridge Online start page.
- Show itgenboe224 when the old GUID Bridge Online user format is used.
- Show license usage statistics.
- Show number of data containers to repair in dashboard.
- Smaller spacing monitoring stats card so 'More' fits.
- Split session I/O duration in CPU, I/O and sleep
- Style cancel button SQL editor.
- Support $count and basic $select functionality.
- Swagger/Open API.
- Tool tips.
- Try to add title attribute to Exception cells.
- Update CSS BOL.
- Update CSS.
- Update number of rows while processing data in Bridge Online.
- Update Sendinblue trackingcode.
- Upgrade from .net Framework 4.7.2 to 4.8.0.
- Upgrade to .NET 6.
- Use Bridge URL segment in data container ID for BridgeOnlineOdata4ZipOutCache instead of ID.
- Use up less space for 'Lowest Price' quote.
- Various buttons 'Related', mobile fix Price quote.
- Various improvements Cloud.
- Various RTL Arabic.
- Wizard for setting up MFA for the first time.
- Word break on exception Monitoring.
- Wrap on description column.
- Wrapping for description column monitoringSubTable.
- Wrapping for IP list databases.
- Write additional properties to response cache, retrieve them for monitoring later on.

Bug fixes:
- Add fail-safe when failing retrieving metadata of columns.
- Add locking on EDM metadata.
- Add missing icons.
- Add rewrite back with escaped DEFAULT notation to original name.
- Add sequence to monitoring data to improve sorting.
- Avoid CLR failure on itgenspe010.
- Avoid download starvation when an error occurs on communicating with the API-server.
- Avoid itgenclr008 on startup when translations are missing.
- Avoid NRE on web app start up translation.
- Avoid NullReferenceException.
- Better check if session is in use to prevent trashing an active session.
- BOL: add license usage statistics.
- Different HTTP status code on payment overdue.
- Disable HTTP disk cache on App Online.
- Disable response cache on App Online.
- Fill data container ID when (re-)connecting.
- Fix behavior when canceling the first request causes the consecutive requests to fail.
- Fix BOL crash.
- Fix calculation fresh duration in dashboard being of factor 4..10.
- Fix click on collapsed menu.
- Fix dark mode on application template.
- Fix default sorting not sorting correctly.
- Fix EDM model cache name resolution when using RFC conform EDM.
- Fix error registration on BOL database open.
- Fix fields excluded in EOL XML leading to issues.
- Fix generated Swagger to make it valid, also changed naming.
- Fix GZIP compression error.
- Fix itgenboe020 on calling /odata4.
- Fix itgenboe022 error message when retrieving data from Bridge Online.
- Fix itgenboe341 on BOL.
- Fix itgenboe341 on new EDM entity names.
- Fix itgenclr003 on OData4 filtering.
- Fix itgenclr149 on Invantive Cloud SQL Editor.
- Fix language selection.
- Fix layout on password forms.
- Fix loading translations.
- Fix logging issue on BOL.
- Fix monitoring checkboxes not resetting their values.
- Fix NaN on monitoring.
- Fix OAuth refresh token flow from Data Hub and QueryTool.
- Fix retrieving database segment.
- Fix sample project URL resolution.
- Fix scrolling of Path column.
- Fix see more....
- Fix sorting on date, date time and boolean fields in monitoring and other lists.
- Fix use of pool identity "anonymous".
- Fix width of MFA password entry.
- Further improvements on EDM entity set and property naming.
- Improve conformity to OASIS CSDL 4.01 simple identifier (https://docs.oasis-open.org/odata/odata-csdl-json/v4.01/cos01/odata-csdl-json-v4.01-cos01.html#sec_SimpleIdentifier).
- Improve EDM data type return types on unsigned integer types.
- Improve error message when not able to refresh token on Exact Online.
- Improve error on providers not having partitions.
- Improve exception handling so exceptions get registered by the response cache and monitoring.
- Improve filter building of the not equals OData operator.
- Improve handling of Ctrl+Click on dashboard cards.
- Improve monitoring, adding cache only and fixing from cache resolution.
- Improve status code and message on canceled requests.
- Keep into account the "Prefer" header to see if we should serialize all fields (also with null values), or just the fields with values.
- Minimize chances of getting invalid JSON result by pre-fetching first row of the result.
- Monitoring reset values when empty.
- New logic for loading translations.
- Normalize field names to comply to the OData naming convention.
- Only clean EDM cache on reset cache when previously used.
- Order databases on home page.
- Prevent previously canceled EDM or database connect to keep reporting it was canceled on subsequent requests.
- Prevent type error on monitoring.
- Remove fields not requested from result set.
- Return HTTP 401 when not providing username/password.
- Show dates as UTC in table.
- Usage statistics: Fix total bytes label.
- User-friendly web socket error.


Details of Release Notes:


Version 24.1.31:
Split session I/O duration in CPU, I/O and sleep
#	src/Invantive.Bridge.Online/Startup.Middleware.cs

Version 20.1.114-BETA, released 2020-05-08.

Enhancements:
- Add authentication on web sockets, integrate monitoring.
- Add Bridge Online download to CSV sample application.
- Add pool identity to more scenarios.
- Add sample.
- Allow custom Bridge Online URL segments.
- Allow differentiating request throttle capacity between identical requests and license limits.
- Fine-tune progress reporting.
- Improve CloudWatch logging.
- Improve error message itgenboe034.
- Make itgenboe031 message more self-explaining.
- Raise clear message when a data container with OAuth can not be opened.
- Rate limit on similar requests.
- Register non-displayed errors.

Bug fixes:
- Do not start monitor; AWS code does not check whether it was started previously and it autostarts.
- Enable Power BI downloads across multiple data containers.
- Fix bug sending incorrectly compressed responses.
- Return HTTP 401 unauthorized instead of 200 with a weird itgenahr029 error when the incorrect Bridge Online password is specified.
- Show error when user is blocked [ITGEN-5057].
- Use DateTimeOffset for DateTime fields.

Version 17.33.313-BETA, released 2019-05-18.

Enhancements:
- Add anonymization and row count restrictions.
- Add Bridge Online ico.
- Add Cloud API.
- Add databases endpoint to Bridge Online
- Add default AppData folder.
- Add execution order to data containers.
- Add on completed handler to response cache to allow writing to logs.
- Add samples for Bridge Online.
- Add samples.
- Add support for multi providers.
- Add support for unsigned integers on Invantive Bridge Online for platforms such a MySQL.
- Allow editing of client IP address in Cloud and validation in Bridge Online.
- Allow specification whether partitioned and/or non-partitioned tables must be included.
- Allow use of connectors other than Exact Online.
- Apply license validation.
- Basic authentication.
- Basic request throttling.
- Better error messages.
- Bridge Online: register session IOs.
- Change type of message for itgenboe010.
- Check that user is allowed to log on.
- Configuration refactoring and $top support.
- Delay failed consecutive log ins.
- Display retrieval errors in Power BI.
- Enable client IP address restrictions.
- Enable use of compression on Bridge Online [ITGEN-4296].
- Extend anonymization to persons and email addresses.
- Improve anonymization.
- Improve error message itgenboe030.
- Improve error message itgenboe031.
- Improve error message itgenboe034.
- Improve naming of temporary database definition.
- Improve Power BI message format.
- Improve selection of connectors to display on message itgenboe034.
- Improve session I/O logging of Bridge Online.
- Include tables functions with no required parameters.
- Include UID in OData error message.
- Invantive OData endpoint.
- Log Odata URL processed by Bridge Online using itgenlicXXX message code to customer service. [ITGEN-4305].
- Log useful metrics on ASP.NET Core.
- Make casing consistent of appsettings.json.
- Make generic.
- Make maximum number of columns to be returned configurable to circumvent Power BI error "The type of the current preview value is too complex to display.".
- Make presence of JSON user settings optional.
- Performance optimizations XML providers.
- Periodically refresh cache settings from Cloud API.
- Prepare user specific sessions.
- Raise error when not at least one data container is accessible instead of returning empty EDM model.
- Reduce use of config file.
- Refine logged table name for complex OData queries.
- Rename /api to /odata4 in url [ITGEN-4277].
- Response caching.
- Retrieve metadata dependent on user.
- Retrieve metadata, get results using simple SQL statement.
- Retry when API server temporarily down.
- Return EDM contents in sorted order.
- Set billing ID and reference.
- Set Bridge Online password.
- Store user settings in state instead of retrieving over and over again [ITGEN-4282].
- Streaming fetching and sending of data.
- Switch to use of user Bridge Online.
- Update to .NET Core 3.1.
- Upgrade to .NET Core 2.2.
- Upgrade to use of parameter.
- Use Cognito.
- Use Invantive Cloud API to retrieve credentials.
- Validate IP address

Bug fixes:
- Add temporary workaround for ITGEN-4846.
- Avoid NullReference when closing sessions.
- Better error handling retrieving OAuth token.
- Compress before handling errors so error messages are correctly compressed too.
- Correct output data type of unsigned integers to decimal.
- Exclude table functions with parameters for now until we support them.
- Fix discovery showing username and password login for OAuth client credentials providers when it shouldn't.
- Fix issue where sessions were recreated again and again.
- Fix itgenboe021 instead of a functional error when selecting an incorrect database.
- Forward execution options along more paths to allow proper disk cache root settings.
- Implement logging on Bridge Online (and maybe issue on Data Hub Core too). [ITGEN-4304]
- Prevent setup error when retrieving EDM model of an inaccessible database.
- Retrieve metadata for delayed object definitions.
- Set language and load translations.
- Thread safety on loading metadata.
- Truncate fields when exceeding the limit of 3000 fields (Power BI finds these tables too complex and will not show any table) [ITGEN-4521].
- Use call safe name when constructing SQL.